Make America Great Again Keep America Great
"Brand America Great Once more" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized past Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the like slogan "Let'southward Make America Keen Over again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Pecker Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'southward unsuccessful 2008 presidential master entrada. Douglas Schoen has called Trump'due south use of the phrase "probably the virtually resonant campaign slogan in contempo history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the state was in decline.[2] [3]
The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, existence used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.
Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link information technology to racism in the Us, regarding information technology as dog-whistle politics and coded linguistic communication.[4] [v] [vi] [vii] The slogan was also at the center of ii events originally reported inaccurately in virtually media outlets, the Jussie Smollett attack hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[eight] [9] [ten] [11]
Use before Donald Trump [edit]
Alexander Wiley [edit]
The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a oral communication at the 3rd session of the 76th Usa Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United States presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. In that location are 130,000,000 of united states. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital letter, and direction; who can requite the man of enterprise encouragement, who tin can give them the spirit which will beget vision. That will make America keen once more."[12]
Barry Goldwater [edit]
The slogan was found in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]
Ronald Reagan [edit]
"Permit's make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan'south 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the The states was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the state's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amongst the electorate.[14] [15] [xvi] [17] Within his acceptance oral communication at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they alive. For those who've abandoned promise, nosotros'll restore hope and nosotros'll welcome them into a great national crusade to brand America great again."[18] [19]
Bill Clinton [edit]
The phrase was too used in speeches[xx] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential principal entrada.[22]
During the 2016 balloter campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "requite y'all an economic system you had 50 years ago, and... move you lot back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]
Christine O'Donnell [edit]
Christine O'Donnell'south volume about her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a United states Senate seat in Delaware was published past St. Martin's Press on Baronial xvi, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let'southward Do What It Takes to Brand America Bully Once more.[24]
Utilize by Donald Trump [edit]
In December 2011, Trump fabricated a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America slap-up over again."[25] Also in Dec 2011, he published a book using every bit a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #1 Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Peachy Again!"[26]
On January ane, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State's function to create the "Make America Swell Once more Party", which would have immune Trump to exist that political party's nominee if he had decided to become a 3rd-political party candidate in the 2012 presidential ballot.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on Nov 7, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Hand Romney. By his ain business relationship, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Keen", but did non experience like it had the right "ring" to it. "Make America Great" was his next slogan idea, but upon further reflection, he felt that information technology was a slight to America because information technology implied that America was never great. After selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register information technology. (Trump after said he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an application with the U.s.a. Patent and Trademark Part requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered every bit a service marking on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public every bit early on as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]
During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, particularly past wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white messages, which soon became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the entrada that at one point information technology spent more than on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the existent hat ten to 1. "...but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys 1, that's an advertising."[28]
Post-obit Trump's ballot, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] However, Trump's 2020 campaign connected to use the "Brand America Bully Over again" slogan.[35] Trump'due south vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America peachy once more, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "over again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]
Less than a calendar week after Trump left part, he spoke to advisors near possibly establishing a third party, which he suggested might exist named either the "Patriot Political party" or "Make America Keen Again Party". In his first few days out of office, he also supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who also called for the creation of a "MAGA Political party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party every bit leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[39] [twoscore]
[edit]
Donald Trump took the entrada slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself past tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – it'south Modern 24-hour interval PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]
In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the average Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[42]
Trump attributed his victory (in role) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 ballot with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] Co-ordinate to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter lone include: i,304 unique tweets, five,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]
Donald Trump set up his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the announcement (June xvi, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Political party nomination (May 3, 2016) and afterwards winning the presidency.[45]
Accusations of racism [edit]
Regarding its utilize since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, amongst others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear information technology as racist coded language, but also to those who have felt a loss of status as other groups take become more empowered."[4] Every bit Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America First did in the early on 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[46]
Writing stance for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Great Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you lot wear one, it's a pretty good indication that you share, admire or capeesh President Trump's racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[vi] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did non believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more than in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists more often than not, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about ten per centum of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[50] [ non-primary source needed ] while about xxx per centum of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ amend source needed ]
Australian political commentator and former Liberal political party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the recent global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be petty dubiousness well-nigh U.s.a. President Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'simulated news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a hope to 'Make America Great Again; America Kickoff and Simply' and—nod, nod, wink, wink—to Brand America White Again."[52]
Use by others [edit]
In politics [edit]
Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Tin Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again [53] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early on years of the State of war on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book virtually her Republican Senate entrada in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let's Practice What It Takes To Brand America Great Again.[54]
After Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of information technology were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump'due south primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Corking Over again" in speeches, inciting Trump to transport cease-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz after sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump'southward boycotting the Iowa Jan 28, 2016 debate.[55] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump'south immigration policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico border.[56] [57]
Utilise past political rivals [edit]
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that keen" during a September 2018 bill signing.[58] [59] Old US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, request: "Exactly when did you retrieve America was great?"[60] [61] During John McCain's memorial service on September i, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made bully again because America was ever bang-up."[62] Trump afterward tweeted "MAKE AMERICA Bang-up Over again!" later that twenty-four hours.[63]
Utilise by hate groups [edit]
A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were ordinarily used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used every bit "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[64]
Other countries [edit]
In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Understanding. The concluding sentence of the speech delivered by him was "make our planet swell again."[65]
During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential ballot in Oct 2018, onetime opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Republic of indonesia great over again", though he denied having copied Trump.[66]
During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Autonomous Party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Once again".[67] [68]
Members of the Fridays for Time to come Movement have often used slogans like "Brand World Greta Once more", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[69] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the Globe Greta Once more.[lxx]
In popular culture [edit]
The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.
Developed amusement [edit]
- Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Once again" strip club bout. The tour followed Trump'due south initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the acquirement was donated to Planned Parenthood.[71]
Advertising [edit]
- A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Douse Again".[72]
Artwork [edit]
- Brand Everything Great Once again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[73] [74]
One-act [edit]
- Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up bout was titled "Making America Great Again".[75]
Conventions and events [edit]
- In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an association with Developed Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed every bit the World Trade Heart during the September eleven attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Bully Again" hats.[76] [77] [78]
Fashion [edit]
- Style Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to pattern a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wearable on Carmine Carpet e.yard. 2017 Grammy Awards.[79]
Films [edit]
- In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Swell Once more" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[80]
- In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Brand England Great Over again" fez lid in one scene.[81]
- The Syfy picture show Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Brand America Bait Again".[82]
- The tagline for The Purge: Ballot Twelvemonth (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later utilise as his 2020 entrada slogan); one of the Tv spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does and then "to go on my country [America] corking".[83] The side by side moving-picture show in the franchise, The Beginning Purge, was afterward advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[84]
- The graphic symbol Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA chapeau throughout the motion-picture show.[85]
Games [edit]
- In Assassinator'due south Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Bang-up Over again" during his campaign against Pericles.
- In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombatxi newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld groovy once more".
- The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Costless Again" in its marketing campaign.[86]
- In Metal Gear Ascent: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Brand America Great Again" during his voice communication while battling Raiden.[87]
Music [edit]
- Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Dazzler/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[88]
- Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called M.A.T.A, meaning Make America Trap Once again.[89]
- Brand America Rock Again was a rock concert tour.[90]
- Rap stone supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Car, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide bout the "Brand America Rage Again Tour", using a phase backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
- Britain musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest anthology in 2020 chosen 'Make Acrimony Slap-up Again'[91]
- Snoop Dogg released a vocal titled "Brand America Crip Again".[92]
- Frank Turner released a song chosen "Make America Great Again" on his album Be More than Kind (2018).
- Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Dandy Once again" a few months afterward appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[93]
- Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat saying Brand America Skate over again in Chance the Rapper'south video No Problem
- Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover fine art inspired past the Barack Obama "Promise" poster.[94]
- Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a vocal titled Make America Great Again.[95]
- Metal band Thy Art Is Murder released a vocal called "Make America Hate Again" on their anthology Human Target (2019). They besides sell a chapeau with the slogan "Brand Deathcore Bully Again".
Sports [edit]
- Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Brand Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.
Books and Publications [edit]
- Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Great Again" every bit the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[96] Jarret is described equally "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[97]
- Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[98] a satirical book on dating and relationships.
Television [edit]
- John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his testify Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment defended to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral proper noun of the Trump family.[99] [100] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[100]
- In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen belongings signs bearing the slogan.[101]
- In the Star Expedition: Discovery episode "What'southward Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "brand the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump past many reviewers.[102] [103] [104] [105]
Notes [edit]
- ^ Pronunciation used past Trump.[1]
References [edit]
- ^ The Telegraph (May thirty, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the blackness people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
- ^ Schoen, Douglas (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And then he disrupted American politics". Fox News . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (Nov 18, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Anything In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved November 5, 2018.
- ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Great Again' Racist?". Voice of America. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (Feb 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and blackface are dissimilar forms of expression, but they share a certain unfortunate Deoxyribonucleic acid". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
- ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books.
Trump'south slogan, 'Make America slap-up again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never Country of white male person supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women vest in the home, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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He volition be elected by local people who want to regain their lost freedoms and brand America great again
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- ^ Smith, Allan (November ten, 2016). "'Great over again': Donald Trump's .gov website is now live". Business Insider . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
- ^ Alex Seitz-Wald (March 11, 2018). "'Proceed America Dandy': After year in role, Trump unveils 2020 campaign slogan". NBC News.
- ^ Kumar, Anita (May 20, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA 2.0 for a pandemic era". Pol. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ "Ii weeks of finger-pointing and spectacle go out two Americas disunited, other convention takeaways". web.archive.org. August 28, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
- ^ Hall, Louise (Baronial 25, 2020). "Mike Pence mocked for spin on Trump ballot slogan". The Independent . Retrieved December 31, 2021.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Bremner, Jade (Oct five, 2021). "Trump ridiculed for name of new PAC: Brand America Great Again, Again". The Independent . Retrieved Jan 1, 2022.
{{cite spider web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Dawsey, Josh; Scherer, Michael (January 23, 2021). "Trump jumps into a divisive boxing over the Republican Party – with a threat to outset a 'MAGA Political party'". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ Buncombe, Andrew (January 24, 2021). "Trump wants to set up 'MAGA party' to challenge Republicans who voted to impeach him, says report". The Contained. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
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- ^ a b Whitehouse, Mark (Baronial 21, 2017). "'Great Again' Is Trump's Magic Twitter Mantra". Bloomberg News . Retrieved November 3, 2017.
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- ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
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- ^ Goldberg, Nicholas (May 14, 2020). "Cavalcade: Trump has come upward with the worst campaign slogan e'er". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 23, 2020.
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Holder too discusses the Trump slogan of 'Make America Great Once again', posing the question: 'when did you think America was great?'
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- ^ "Greta Thunberg tells Rome: They accept stolen our future". Republica. April nineteen, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
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- ^ "Вместо граффити с Путиным и Трампом в Вильнюсе появился новый рисунок - новости политики, общество, новости культуры - газета "Обзор", новости Литвы".
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External links [edit]
- Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again